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R. HOPE-JONES. ORGAN.

No. 514,146. Patented Feb. 6, 1894.

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UNITED STATES PATENT ()EEIcE.

ROBERT HOPE-JONES, OF BIRKENI-IEAD, ENGLAND.

ORGAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 514,146, dated February6, 1894.

Application filed August 8,1892. Serial No. 442,472. (No model.)Patented in England November 20, 1890, No. 18,803; in

France September 14. 1891, No. 216,104, and in Belgium September 14,1891,110. 96,380.

To. aZZ whom it may concern;

Be it known that 1, ROBERT I-IoPE-J ONES, electrician, a subject of theQueen of Great Britain, residing atBirkenhead, in the county of Chester,in the Kingdom of England, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Organs, (for which I have received Letters Patent inEngland, No. 18,803, dated November 20, 1890; in France, by patent ofaddition to original patent, No. 216,104, of September 14, 1891, and inBelgium, by patent of addition, No. 97,125, to original patent, No.96,380, of September 14, 1891, filed November 10, 1891,) of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in the construction oforgans and similar musical instruments and in the means for controllingthe same, whereby the power, pitch and quality of the tone emitted maybe more readily governed, varied or sustained, at the will of theperformer as hereinafter more fully described, the invention beingchiefly applicable to organs having pneumatic or electro-pneumaticactions, some parts of it having reference to the invention set forth inmy specification Serial No. 406,071.

The invention may be carried into eifect as follows, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a section showing anarrangement whereby the volume of tone may be momentarily increased or asforzan do effect may be obtained. Fig. 2 shows a modification of thepreceding arrangement depicted as applied to the pedals. Fig. 3 is asectional plan, partly in the form of a diagram, showing an arrangementfor operating the swell shutters, the pedal and its switch being,however, shown in elevation. Fig. 4 is a section on an enlarged scale ofpart of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3, the section being taken as onaline z a in said figure. Fig. 5 is an elevation, partly in section, ofa modified device for operating the swell shutters. Fig. 6 is anelevation showing a modification of a part of the preceding device.Fig.7 shows one form of transposing apparatus. Fig. 8 is asection, on anenlarged scale, on line 3 3 Fig. 7. Fig. 9 shows another form oftransposing device. Fig. 10 illustrates, partly in diagram, anarrangement whereby the quality and power of the tone may be instantlyvaried and a sforzando effect may be obtained with the whole organ orany predetermined portion thereof. Fig. 11 is a transverse section of aportion of the apparatus taken as on line .00 m, Fig. 10. Fig. 12 showsa device whereby the sound of the notes may be prolonged at will. Fig.13 shows a brake apparatus for steadying the swell shutters andpreventing rebound of the same.

When it is desired to momentarily increase the volume of tone or toproduce asforzando eifect, additional contacts may be provided for thepedals or keys, such contacts playing the octaves of the pipesin use,orplaying any pipes belonging to other ranks, or percussion instrumentssuch as adrum or drums, the contacts being brought together bydepressing the keys or pedals with more force than usual. An arrangementof this kind is depicted in Fig. 1, in which A is one of the manual keysprovided (in an electric organ) with suitable contact devices (as a 0*)for operating its own notes and the notes coupled to it.

A is the pin rail.

B is a stiff insulated metallic spring mounted on the pin rail below thekey and (if desired) prevented from rising beyond a certain fixed pointby an insulated staple or headed screw b, which passes through thespring.

B is an adjustable insulated contact screw mounted in the pin rail withits point in proximity to the lower side of the spring B. The springs Bof each manual are all connected by a wire I) to the battery supply wire0 while the pins B are each connected by a separate wire 0 to anysuitable electrically controlled device or devices such as anelectropneumatic lever or levers for operating the octave or octaves ofthe note in question or other pipe or instrument as before described.

a is a piece of felt attached to each key above its contact spring 15.

The circuit comprising the wire I) may (if desired) be controlled byasuitable switch located conveniently to the performer.

In operating the. keys with the ordinary touch they are not depressedfarther than will bring the felt a into contact with the spring 13.\Vhen a sforzando effect is required or it of tone in connection withany particular key is desired to momentarily increase the volume orkeys, it or they are depressed with considerable force and bring thecorresponding spring or springs B into contact with the adjacent pin orpins B, thus completing their respective circuits and instantly bringinginto play the additional pipe or other so11orone device as described. Onthe key or keys being released, each depressed spring B returns to itselevated position against a felt washer below the head of the screw 1).

In Fig. 2 there is shown a modified arrangement of the preceding device,shown as adapted to the pedals. A is the front end of a pedal key, A thepin rail, and a the ordinary key spring. A is a short key or leverpivoted at a below the key A and carrying two or more contact pieces 13*B B B each adapted, when the lever A is suificiently depressed, toengage a suitable contact device below it, as for instance, a pair ofinsulated flexible metallic pins B'* or B, which form terminals to theparticular circuit to which they are connected. The contacts 13 B arefor closing and opening the circuits of the keys own note and two othernotes coupled' thereto, as fully described in my specification abovementioned. The contacts B* B'* form terminals of the sforzando circuit19 b before described. a is a spring tending to depress the lever A anda is a link connecting said lever with the pedal key A, the latter(under the influence of its spring a) holding the lever A and itscontacts normally in their elevated position in defiance of the spring aThe link a is capable of a longitudinal movement through its connectingeye a on the pedal key. B is a stifi spring located below the lever A a,a a a are thumpers of felt. It will be noticed that the sforzandocontact pins B* are considerably shorter than the pins B. On depressingthe pedal key with the usual touch, the lever A is unsupported and thespring 0. draws it down till the felt a touches the spring E the key Abeing depressed until it bears upon the felt a This action closes thekey contacts 13 B the sforzando contacts B* B being still open. Anadditional pressure on the key A compresses the spring B and closes thesforzando contacts. The upper end of the screw a passes freely throughthe adjacent limb of the spring B and enters, with the head of screw,into ahole a in the key A when the latter is depressed beyond its normalamount, through which hole also the position of the screw may be readilyadjusted. The circuits of each set of these sforzando contacts may (ifdesired) be controlled by one or more main switches within reach of theoperator.

In organs in which the volume of the sound of certain of the pipes iscontrolled byinclosing said pipes within a swell-box havinga series ofad 3' ustable openings or shutters through which the sound may escape invarying volume, I provide arrangements whereby these shutters, thoughmore or less heavy in themselves, may be readily actuated and controlledby a very light pressure by the performer on a key, pedal, lever orother equivalentoperatingdevice. Twosucharrangements may be described asfollows: Referring first to Figs. 3 and 4-0 is the swell box, and O O OO O O O the swell shutters which, in this instance, are supposed tostand vertically for the purpose of readily balancing them. The shuttersare, preferably, so arranged that each shutter, or set of shutters,shall control an opening of a different area from the others, and theyare arranged to be opened successively according to their area,beginning with the smallest and ending with the largest. In thedrawings, the first five shutters C O O O C are shown as single piecesof a gradually increasing size, while the sixth and seventh shutters,instead of being single pieces, are formed of coupled sets of shutters OO containing respectively two and four singlevshutters of a suitablesize. It is preferable to provide each single shutter and coupled setthereof with a spring or othercounterbalancing device (not shown)adapted to normally hold it open, and to close each independently bymeans of an electro-pneumatio lever or levers, governed by a contactpedal or equivalent device under the control of the performer, thelargest shutter being closed first. D D D D D D D are the main bellowsof a series of electro-pneumatic levers which are contained in a windbox E and are connected with their respective bellows D D by tubes 01' dd d d d d". The bellows D D &c., are connected with their respectiveshutters by tail-pieces (1 links (1 and arms or lugs 01 F is thebattery, F is the swell pedal and 11" an insulated contact piece whichis mounted upon the rear end of the pedal, or on some part movingtherewith, or with an equivalent operating device as described, thecontact being connected by a wire f to the battery supply lead f Gis aswitch quadrant having a series of insulated contacts G G: G over whichthe contact F works. The contacts G G2 G are connected with theirrespective electro-pneumatic levers within the boxE by wires g g 9 e e ee are the return wires of the several electropneumatic levers. F is astop against which the swell pedal rests when fully depressed as shown.A spring (not shown) may return it to its normal position when theweightof the foot is removed. The pedal being fully depressed againstthe stop F all the shutters are fully openedv by their respectivesprings and all the electropneumatic levers are inoperative by reason ofthe contact F being removed from the contacts of the switch quadrant G.On permitting the pedal to move into contact with the section G of thequadrant G, the circuit of No. 7 electro-pneumatic lever is closed,itsbellows D operated and the set of shutters 0 closed. In a similarmanner, the downward movement of the contact F closes all the circuitsin succession, causing their respective shutters C C O to besuccessively closed.

In the apparatus as thus far described, each shutter would re-open againunder the influence of its counterbalancin g spring as soon as thecircuit of its electro-pneumatic lever had been broken by the movementofthe contact 1? od the corresponding contact, as G onto the contact Gnext below it. To prevent this re-opening of the shutters, the pedalcontact F may be extended upward so that, as it moves downward over thequadrant, all the contacts G G G above its lower end are retained incircuit and their respective electro pneumatic levers remaininoperative. Such an arrangement would, however, entail an undueexpenditure of electric energy. To avoid such waste of power, I preferto employ an arrangement, such for example, as the following, wherebythe wind itself may be utilized to hold the larger shutters closed whilethe smaller ones are being operated. This arrangement may however beVaried considerably, within the scope of the invention.

Each electro-pneumatic lever is provided with a device such as shown inFig. 4.

E is the primary valve of the electropneumatic lever, and E theperforated valve seat, whence, when the valve is depressed, the air mayescape into the atmosphere through the tube E and thus allow the leverto be operated, as is fully described in my specification Serial No.406,071. Above each tube E there is mounted a small wind chamber E whichis provided on its under side with a flexible diaphragm E and isfurnished with a wind tube E.

E is a light rod passing through one of the perforations in the valveseat and resting with its lower end against the valve E, its upper endbeing provided with a button E bearing on the diaphragm E is a guide forthe rod E and E a spring serving to take the weight of the rod off thevalve. Each tube E is connected atone end with the wind chamber E of oneelectro-pneumatic lever, and at the opposite end with the wind pipe d ofthe lever next below it in the series, as seen in Fig. 3. It will thusbe seen that, as any given electro-pneumatic lever is operated by itscircuit being closed (by the movement of the contact F over the quadrantG) a small amount of wind from its pipe cZ will pass by a tube E intothe chamber E of the lever next above it in the series, and, bydepressing the diaphragm E rod E and valve E will retain said latterlever in its operative position and hold its corresponding swell shutterclosed. The contact F 2 is so arranged that (as seen in dotted lines atF it touches the adjacent contact as G before it has quite moved off thecontact G next above it. In this manner, wind is admitted successivelyinto each electro-pneumatic lever, and thence into the chamber E of theone next above it in the series, before the circuit of the latterleverhas been broken. When the swellpedal is in its closed position, itrests, as shown at F in dotted lines, with its contact F bearing on thesection G of the switch quadrant G, the shutter 0 being then held closedby the action of the electric currentand the remainder of the shuttersby the wind alone, or the apparatus may be arranged in a reverse manner,so that the shutters are normally held closed by a spring or otherdevice and are opened successively by the action of theelectro-pneumatic levers. Also the switch contact G instead of beingfixed may be movable with the pedal and the contact F may be fixed,being connected as before with the battery supply lead, or the swellshutters may be operated by an arrangement such as shown in Fig. 5. Theshutters 0* are connected together in the usual manner by a rod 0operated in either direction by apair of electro-pneumatic levers H H.

J is a switch having two insulated contacts J J 2 separated by a gap orinsulation piece J and connected respectively by wires jj .with theelectro-pneumatic levers H H. The switch J is movable with the swellshutters, being to this end conveniently mounted 011 a pivot j andconnected to the rod 0 by a link 3' or other light mechanical device.

F is an insulated contact moving over the face of the switch and mountedupon the pedal F, or other equivalent operating device as described, orupon a finger, pointer or other part movable therewith, the saidoontaotbeing connected to the battery supply lead f as before. The pedalF and switch J may be conveniently mounted on the same pivot 7' eachmoving however independently of the other. As the pedal is depressedorraised, the contact F is brought to bear upon the contact J or J thecircuit of the electropneumatic lever H or H is closed and the shutters(3* opened or closed. The shutters being connected to the switch Jasaforesaid, the latter is moved with them until its gap or insulationpiece J is brought opposite to the contact F and, the circuit of theelectro-pneumatic lever being thereby broken, the movement of theshutter ceases until the pedal is again operated in one or otherdirection.

If desired, the switch J could be connected to the shutters by apneumatic device such as shown in Fig. 6, in which J* is a bellowshaving its tail piece connected by a link j with the switch J. J is asecond bellows communicating with the first by a tube J and having itstail piece movable with the shutter red C as shown. The bellows are soarranged that, as the upper one is expanded by the movement of the rod Cthe lower one is collapsed and vice versa. In cases where the pedal islocated at a distance from the organ, the switch contact F may beoperated from the pedal by any suitable light mechanical device, or by apneumatic or electropneumatic device. If desired, the switch J could bemovable with the pedal and the contact F. with the shutters.

When it is desired to alter the pitch of an organ in relation to itskeyboard, this may be accomplished, where electricity is employed, byarranginga compound switchor test board in such manner that the order ofthe connections between the keys and the organ pipes may be readilychanged. In Figs. 7, 8 and 9, two ways of carrying this into efiect aredepicted by way of illustration only.

K, Figs. 7 and 8, is a fixed test board provided with a series ofterminals 7c is. There are as many terminals as there are keys in theorgan, plus a few additional terminals k at each end of the series. Eachend of the sound board is also provided with a few additional pipes.Wires k connect the various terminals k k with their respectiveelectromagnetic or el'ectro-pneumatic actions within the organ. K is asecond but movable test board conveniently mounted in slides 10 andcapable of being operated by the performer through any suitablemechanism. It carries a series of terminals 10 corresponding in numberto the organ keys and connected to the key contacts by wires 10 Theterminals 70 are preferably in the form of spring fingers (see Fig. 8)adapted to bear upon the ends of the terminals k 70'. By moving theboard K in one direction or the other for the distance of one or moreterminals, the pitch of the organ may be raised or lowered one or moresemi-tones. In cases where additional pipes are not provided at theupper and lower extremities of the organ, it is advisable to so arrangethe aforesaid test board or switch, that, when the organ is transposed,the keys left without pipes shall play one of their 00: taves. This maybe accomplished by connecting the additional terminals k with theterminals is representing their upper or lower octaves as shown indotted lines at k".

In Fig. 9, K are a series of roller switches mounted on a board K andeach adapted to be operated independently of the others by any suitabledevice under the control of the performer. Each roller is provided Withaseries of insulated contact pieces K, each located in proximity to apair of insulated pins K K with which it is adapted to beplaced incontact when the roller is turned. The corresponding pins K of all therollers are connected by wires 10 to their respective key contacts. Eachpin K of any given roller K is connected by a wire, as k 10 k It, withthat pin K on the roller next above or below it, which represents thenote a semi-tone higher or lower, as the case may be. The wires from thepins K of the last roller are led away to their respectiveelectro-magnetic or electro-pneumatic actions within the organ. AssumingNo. 3 roller to 3 is turned out of action and the roller No. 4.- is sotnrned as to bring its contact pieces K? in touch with the adjacent-pinsK K. The various key contacts are now connected in circuit with theelectro-pneumatic levers of those pipes which are a semi-tone higher .inpitch than the pipes to which they were previously respectivelyconnected. For example, the wire 70 from the key D D was previouslyconnected by the roller No. 3 to the wire 10 leading to theelectro-pneumatic lever of the pipe D D, but, on transposing, as beforedescribed, the wire 10 of the key D D is connected by the roller No. 4with the wire it, which forms part of the circuit of theelectro-pneumatic lever of the pipe D D3. As in the constructionpreviously described, additional pipes may be provided at each end ofthe sound board, or, failingthis, the keys, which are left without pipeswhen the organ is transposed, may be so connected as to play one oftheir octaves as before described.

Forms or arrangements of compound switches other than those describedwith reference to Figs. 7, 8 and 9 may be employed with the object ofaltering the relative connections between the keys and the organ.

In order to vary the quality and power of tone, one or more adjustablekeys, touches or pedals may be provided and so arranged and connectedthat the speech of the various ranks of pipes may be controlled with butslight effort on the part of the performer, and, when desirable, withoutmoving the stop or coupler keys or draw stops. An arrangement of thiskind is depicted in Figs. 10 and 11. L is a roller capable of beingoperated by the performer by any suitable device, as,

for example, by a pedal Z, link Z and arm 1*.

Z is a spring adapted to return the roller to its normal position whenthe pedal is released. The roller is provided on two opposite sidesrespectively with two rows of insulated me tallic pins L L L is one ofthe stop or coupler keys, shown in its on position. Fis the batterysupplying current to the stop key by wire Z L is the on contact and Z Zthe wires leading therefrom to the console test board L L is the oficontact and Z Z the wires leading from it to the board L Z is the cableconnecting the test board L with the battery F and comprising in itscircuit (as at P") the various electro-pneumatic levers and otherelectrical devices within the organ. Each of the pins L aforesaid worksbetween and in contact with a pair of flexible insulated metallic pins LL connected in circuit with the on wires Z Z while the pins L work in asimilar manner between flexible insulated pins L connected in circuitwith the 0K wires Z Z The turning of the roller in either direction thuscloses or opens all the 0d and on circuits at the pins L L L L is aninsulated contact strip running along the roller in proximity to thepins L L and adapted, when the pedal Z is depressed and the roller isturned, to break the on and ofi IOC circuits as aforesaid, to bearagainst all the plus If L When the roller is thus turned, thestrip L isalso brought into contact with an insulated pin L connected with asupply wire Z from the battery, so that a currentis sent through thewire Z pin L strip L pins L on wires 6 and so on, through all theelectro-pneumatic levers connected therewith, back to battery. The wholeof the corresponding stops are thus instantly brought into operation,and that quiteindependently of the positions of the various stop andcoupler keys L On releasing the pedal Z, the roller resumes its normalposition and allthe stops are silenced except those the stop keys piwhich happen to be in the speaking posi- A separate roller and pedal, orits equivalent, may be provided for each manual and for the pedals, orone roller and pedal may operate the stops of the entire organ, or anypredetermined portion thereof. By the use of an arrangement such as justdescribed, a sforzando effect may be instantaneouslv obtained at will. v

WVhen it is desired to obtain a prolongation of the sound resulting fromthe depression of one or more of the keys or pedals, electrical contactsmay be arranged within the organ or console, two or more of saidcontacts be- .ing brought together whenever a note is sounded, and thewhole or a given number of them being rendered electrically eifective orlnefiective by the movement of a key, pedal, lever or the like, situatedwithin reach of the performer.

. An arrangement for carrying the above into eiiect is seen in Fig. 12.H is a wind box containing a series of electro-pneumatic levers foroperating the pallets of a corresponding number of pipes by means ofbellows H and rods or pull-downs H his a wire leading from the battery Fthrough the contacts of one key (supposed to be situated at h) to itsclectro-pneumatic lever within the box H 7L2 is the return wire to thebattery. h is a second supply wire from the battery to theelectro-pneumatic lever. The circuit of this latter wire is broken at hand at 71 At 71 aswitch H is provided, by means of which the circuitmaybe opened or closed at will by the performer, the switch beingoperated by a pedal or other suitable device at the console. At h theseparated ends of the Wire 7L3 terminate in flexible insulated metallicpins H H H is an insulated contact mounted upon the tailpiece of thebellows H and adapted to establish an electrical connection between thepins H 11 at each operation of said bellows. Any suitable form ofcontact device may be employed in lieu of the above. When the circuit isclosed at 7t by the depression of its key by the performer, thecorresponding electro-pneumatic lever is operated, the bellows Hexpanded and the note sounded. If the switch H be open, the circuit 7L hI l 7&2 F remains broken when contact is made at 7L5, and, on therelease of the key and the consequent breaking of the circuit h H 71 Fat h, the electro-pneumatic lever becomes inoperative, the contact at his broken and the pipe silenced. When, however, the switch H is closedby the operator and the key also depressed, both the circuits aforesaidare closed and the note sounded. On releasing the key, the circuit h H72 F is broken, but the circuit 7L3 h H ]L2 F remains closed, as theclectro-pneumatic lever, which is included in the latter circuit,operates to maintain the contacts II 11 H closed. The note is thusprolonged as long as the switch at 1 remains closed.

It will be understood that one switch II only is provided for eachdepartment of the organ or otherwise for each predetermined series ofcontacts H, each contact H of the series being connected to a commonwire it in electric connection with the supply lead k In some cases, Iemploy a pneumatic or electro-pneumatic brake for the purposeofsteadying the shutters at the moment of closing and thus preventingrebound of the same. An arrangement of this kind is shown in Fig. 13. Ois the shutter rod and H the bellows whereby t-he shutters are opened. Mis a second bellows of smaller area than the bellows H M is a wind boxcommunicating by the passages nt m with the bellows M. M is a smalldouble valve adapted to close either end of the passage m, one end ofwhich communicates with the wind box h and the other with theatmosphere. m are guides for the valve spindle. M is an adjustableabutment carried by shutter rod, or by some part moving therewith, andadapted to strike the end of the Valve spindle a moment before theshutters are fully closed.

In the normal position of the parts, that is, when the shutters are openor partly open, the valve M is so operated by the pressure of the windin the box M that the passage m is closed to the wind box and open tothe atmosphere. The bellows M is thus free to move with the shutter rodand offers no impediment to the movement of the rod. IVhen the shuttersare closed, however, the abutment M strikes the valve spindle and closesthe passage m to the atmosphere, opening it at the same time to the windbox. The bellows M is instantly filled with wind and the shutters areheld firmly closed against any tendency to rebound. The bellows M beingof smaller area than the shutter operating bellows H the latter, whenoperated, is able to move the shutter rod in defiance of the bellows M,to sufficient distance to release the valve M and permit the bellows Mto exhaust.

In some cases I may mount the abutment M upon the shutter rod in suchmanner that it may have a slight longitudinal play thereon, and, in thiscase, I connect the shutter closing bellows to the sliding piecesupporting the abutment. The object of this is to permit the abutment toact upon the valve a little in advance of the movement of the shutterrod, that is, before the shutters are actually closed. The inflation ofthe bellows M then acts to firmly close the shutters and hold themclosed.

It will be obvious that, in place of the abutment striking a pneumaticvalve asdescribed, the abutment may carry or move an electric contact ormay otherwise so act as to close an Yrs electric circuit which operatesthrough an electro-pneumatic device to inflate the bellows M. v

No claim is made by mein this application to such features of my pendingapplication Serial No. 406,071, as may be incidentally herein shown anddescribed.

I declare that what I claim is- 1. In an organ, the combination, withthe key A, of a stiff insulated springB below the key and serving tolimit the depression of the same under normal touch, the insulated contact pin B below the spring and serving as a stop for it and the keywhen depressed under a more forcible touch, and the wires 19 11connected respectively with the spring B and pin B and forming parts ofthe circuit of one or more electrically operated actions as described,substantially as set forth.

2. In an organ, the combination, with a series of keys A, of acorresponding series of contact springs B below the same, a series ofcontact pins B below the springs, a wire 1) connecting said springsthrough a common supply wire I) with the like terminals of acorresponding series of electrically operated actions as described, aseries of wires b connecting the pins B respectively with the oppositeterminals of said actions, and aswitch inserted in the wire bsubstantially as described.

3. In combination with the swell-box of an organ, a series of swellshutters, each of a diiferent area, and mechanism under the control ofthe performer whereby said shutters are successively opened or closed inthe order of their respective areas, substantially as described.

4. In an organ, the combination, with the swell-box O, of a series ofcounterbalanced swell shutters O C O C 0 and sets of coupled shutters O0 having their areas increasing from one end of the series to the other,and mechanism whereby said shutters may be successively operated in onedirection, substantially as described. 5. In an organ, the combination,witha series of counterbalanced swell shutters, of a series ofelectrically operated actions for successively actuating said shuttersin one direction, and a switch under the control of the performer,whereby the circuits of said actions may be successively made andbroken, substantially as described.

6. In an organ, the combination of the series of counterbalanced swellshutters O 0 series of electro-pneumatic actions E D D and operatingtheir respective shutters in one direction, contacts G G connected totheir respective actions each to one terminal thereof, contact Fconnected to all the opposite terminals of said actions and adapted tocover one or all of the contacts G G and means whereby the operator mayplace the contact F in contact successively with the ser1es of aloneafter the breaking of the circuits of their respective actions,substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. In an organ, the combination,with a series of counterbalanced swellshutters, of a series of electro-pneumatic actions for successivelyactuating the same in one direction, a switch for successively makingand breaking the circuits of said actions, and a pneumatic devicewhereby the one or more electro-pneumatic actions last in operation areautomatically retained in their operative condition after the breakingoftheir circuits, substantially as described. I

9. In an organ, the combination, with aseries of counterbalanced swellshutters, of a series of electro-pneumatic actions for successivelyactuating the same in one direction,

a switch forsuccessively making and breaking the circuits of saidactions, and a series of bypass devices, whereby the wind pressure fromthat electro-pneumatic action at any time in operation retains thepreviously operated action or actions in an operative condition afterthe breaking of the circuit or circuits thereof, substantially asdescribed. 7

10. In an organ, the combination of the series of counterbalanced swellshutters 0 0 series of electro-pneumatic actions E D D successivelyoperating the same, switch F I r 5 G for placing the actionssuccessively in and out of operation, and a by-pas's device for eachaction in the series except the first, each by-pass being adapted toconvey the wind pressure from the operative action next below it in theseries to its own action and to apply it to the primary valve thereof insuch manner as to retain the latter in its operative position,substantially as described.

11. The combination of the seriesof swell shutters 0' 0 series ofelectro-pneumatic actions E D D therefor, action controlling switch F G,chambers E applied one to eachaction in the series except the first andhaving their flexible sides E connected as described with the primaryvalves of their respective actions, and wind passages E each connectingits respective chamber E with the wind space of the action next below itin the series, substantially as described.

12. The combination of a series of electric actions controllingrespectively the pipes of an organ, a series of keys controllingrespectively the circuits of said actions, a compound or multiple switchthrough the separate contact devices of which said circuits passrespectively, and means for operating said switch in such a manner thatthe relative connections of the circuit wires entering the oppositesides of the switch are simultaneously altered, whereby the entire organor a given part thereof, may be transposed at will, substantially asdescribed.

13. The combination, with the electrical connections of the key board,of a compound switch board, whereby the connections with the key boardcan be changed one or more half notes.

14. The combination, with the electrical connections of an organ keyboard, of a compound switch board capable of moving the connectionsforward or backward one or more keys, and one or more additional pipesand additional terminals, whereby, it the pitch is altered, each keyshall still operate a pipe.

15. In combination with a series of stop slides and a series of electricactions for respectively operating, said slides in one or bothdirections, a series of stop keys L controlling the circuits of saidactions respectively, and a switch L adapted to simultaneouslydisconnect all the stop keys from their circuits and to close all thecircuits of those electric actions which open in'the said stop slides,wherebynits st'orzando effect may be produced at Wl 16. The combinationof the spring roller L, pins L L stop keys L test board L battery F, andwires connecting the same, substantially as and for the purposesdescribed.

17. The combination of the roller L, wires L L, &c., pins L L projectingcontact strip L and contact piece L whereby, by means of the pins L Lall the off or on wires are brought into requisition that are connectedby keys L and by felt L all the off or on wires are operated whetherconnected by keys L or not.

18. A series of stop slides, a series of electric actions forrespectively opening and closing the said slides, a series of stop keysL controlling the circuits of both off and on electric actions and aswitch L adapted to simultaneously break the action of both stop keyswith both 01? and on circuits and to close all the on circuits, wherebyall the stop slides are immediately opened irrespective of the positionsof their respective stop keys, substantially as and for the purposedescribed.

19. The combination, with a series of stop slides and electric actionsfor opening and closing said slides, of the switch L L insulated pin Lline to battery i and on connections Z and 1, whereby all thecorresponding actions are immediately brought into action.

20. A series of electric actions 71 controlling respectively a series ofpipes, a series of keys controlling the circuits of their respectiveactions, a series of contact devices 11 and 1-1 each closed on theoperation of its respective action and each connected in circuit withsaid action by a branch circuit 71, and a switch H controlling saidbranch circuits and adapted to simultaneously render them efiective,whereby the prolongation of the notes may be obtained after the releaseof their keys.

21. The combination of circuit 7t 71 having in it electric action it andoperating electropneumatic lever in box H pull down H bellows H contactsH and h shunt 7L3 and switch 715 operated by a stop at the will oforganist.

22. In combination with a swell shutter op erating device, a pneumaticbrake operated by the swell shutter closing mechanism near thetermination of its stroke, wherebya rapidly accelerating resistance isbrought to bear upon the movement of the closing rod, but a resistanceso regulated that, at its maximum, it shall be less than the force usedin closing the shutters.

23. In combination with the swell shutters of an organ, a bellows openedby the closing movement of the shutters and adapted,when inflated, tohold the shutters closed, an air controlling device admitting air to thebellows and an abutment moving with the shutters and adapted to operatesaid air controlling device as the shutters close or are on the point ofclosing, whereby the shutters are held firmly closed and rebound of thesame when closed is prevented, substantially as described.

24:. The combination of rod 0 abutment M thereon, operating mechanism Hbellows M, passages m and m, valve M and valve box M, substantially asand for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

ROBT. HOPE-J ONES.

Witnesses:

GEO. G. DYMOND, L. O. JOHNSON.

